It adverse climatic conditions and field pests, incompetence of local administrators and farmer opposition, difficulties connected with the transition from private to socialized economy and governmental mismanagement of the agricultural sector, criminal intention on the part of Stalin and his cronies.
It was engineered by Stalin and his hangmen, to teach Ukraine’s independent farmers “a lesson they would not forget” for resisting collectivization, which meant giving up their land and livestock to the state. (Ukraine was then under Soviet domination).
Moreover, it was meant to deal “a crushing blow” to any national aspirations of the Ukrainian people, 80 percent of whom were peasant farmers
In less than 18 months, this famine genocide took the lives of up to 10,000,000 innocent men, women and children in Ukraine and in the mostly ethnically Ukrainian areas of the northern Caucasus.
Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was denying the famine, and exporting millions of tons of grain from Ukraine – enough to have fed the entire population.
The catastrophe was called "a nation tragedy for the Ukrainian people". It's erroneously attributed the cause of the famine to "civil war and forced collectivization".